The Langeleik

While I was searching for other string instruments that I could either build or put on a wish-list I came across a Norwegian folk instrument called a langeleik. This instrument was intriguing because of my interest in my Norwegian heritage, and it was difficult to find very much specific information about it. It seems that while it is popular enough to be written about there is very little technical information about it and only one online retailer that sells them.

At first glance the langeleik appears similar to the mountain dulcimer. The tuning idea is the same -- one melody string (or course) and a number of drone strings tuned to create an open chord with the melody string. For more general information check Wikipedia's entry for the Langeleik. If you'd like even more you can search Google.

I decided that the langeleik would be my next instrument construction project. This would be quite the undertaking for me since no one sells langeleik kits and I had no luck finding plans for the instrument. With my knowledge of mountain dulcimer construction and a collection of the information I found online from various sources I started planning the instrument. Thankfully I had no trouble finding many pictures and learning about the rough scale length of the instrument. From there it was just a matter of building a box with tuning pegs on it. Here's my instrument specs:

• 8 strings. 1 melody, 7 drone strings -- 2 with floating bridges or capos.
• Melody string is fretted to play a major scale.
• Ebony tuning pegs are meant for a violin.
• The majority of the body is made from basswood.
• Bridge, nut and tailpiece are oak molding.
• A fine-tuner was fashioned out of a grounding bar for an electrical panel.

Since this was my first made-from-scratch instrument I decided I didn't want to spend a lot on ruining fancy wood. This was a prototype, if I liked it I'd build more in the future. That's how I decided on basswood - it was something readily available at a craft store in town and not very expensive in the quantities I was buying. If I decide to start producing these for sale I'd look into some other tonewoods.

The most difficult part of construction was the peghead and that area could have used much more planning on my part. Ultimately I ended up with a functional, if not the most attractive, peghead. Constructing the basic shape and deciding how to connect it to the soundbox was one problem. The other was the decision to use violin tuning pegs and refusing to buy a peg reamer. A hand drill and a tapered round file made a suitable replacement but the tuning pegs could use more attention to make their operation work better. Now they serve their purpose of roughly tuning the strings and holding them in place. This is one area that I should have stuck with what I knew and gotten some geared tuners similar to the ones on my mountain dulcimer. They wouldn't have been as pretty but would have functioned much better.

Since my tuning pegs couldn't be adjusted easily I decided I needed to add a fine tuning device. My original design didn't take a fine tuner into consideration so there wasn't much space available on the instrument and that limited my options for picking something that was meant to be used for that purpose. Instead I sifted through my pile of spare parts and found a grounding strip. Not the most attractive item on the instrument but it makes it much less frustrating to tune, and that means I'll be more likely to play it. I think it's an acceptable lesson to learn on a prototype and something I'll take with me when I go on to design the next one -- or any other string instrument for that matter.

Overall I had a successful design and construction experience. This is my third instrument construction and my interest in building more has grown. I have a few ideas for my next project. Whatever it is I'll post about it here. Until then you can go look at all my photos of the langeleik.

Octave Mandolin

In March 2006 I built an octave mandolin (sometimes called a bouzouki). This was two and a half years after I made my mountain dulcimer and I hadn't built any other instruments since then.

The octave mandolin was a kit from MusicMaker's Kits. Since I was still not sure of my instrument crafting abilities, especially after so much time away from it, I decided that a kit would be at an appropriate skill level for me. The kit included all the parts needed to build the instrument except for glue, finish and a small assortment of tools.

When I started working with the kit I was very happy with the amount of work that was left to do. The sides had been bent, the top and back were cut to shape but oversized, the soundhole was cut in the top and the neck had been roughly shaped and slotted to fit the sides. The rest was up to me and my whim. A much better opportunity to put my own personalization into the instrument than with the mountain dulcimer. I didn't even install binding on the body or inlay on the fretboard -- both would be great opportunities to further personalize the instrument.

The work starts with the headstock - it is oversized and needs to be cut down and given your desired shape. This step also included trimming and rounding the neck. The neck itself still had square edges and that meant it was up to me to pick the thickness and shape of the neck.

After the neck was finished it was time to attach the sides and start working on constructing the body. This was my favorite part of construction. As I progressed through these steps the reality begins to set in that I was actually building a real musical instrument and I couldn't wait to play it. That's where patience helps. Not so much you leave the parts in a corner to wait months for your return, but just enough that you don't rush any critical steps and allow the glue to dry thoroughly.

With the soundbox together the construction shifts to the parts that require even more attention to detail. Minor oversights in this part will lead to an instrument that looks ok but is almost impossible to play easily (assuming you know how to play such an instrument). Some parts like leveling the frets can be worked out after you've finished the instrument and it is strung up. Others, like gluing the fretboard on straight, don't have as many options for correcting. I should note that the fretboard is slotted but the frets are not installed. A length of fretwire is included in the kit. So you can have the fun of installing frets, but you don't have to worry about measuring fret distances if you use the fretboard included in the kit.

The next step is finishing the instrument, which isn't much different than finishing other woodwork. The exceptions are included in the manual. With the finish complete the non-wood parts can be installed and the instrument can be set-up. Unlike an acoustic guitar the bridge is not glued to the top -- it is only held in place by the tension of the strings. This makes it much easier to adjust the intonation of the strings as you set up the instrument.

I was very satisfied working on this kit. In fact I didn't want the instrument building experience to end so I was scrambling to find what my next project would be. That's one area that I definitely need to build some experience on. Perhaps once I've got a few more instruments done I will be able to keep myself from thinking too much about the next one while I'm still finishing the current piece.

All my photos of the octave mandolin construction.

Tools needed:

• coping saw to help cut the headstock
• sanding block, sandpaper (power sander can help a lot but isn't necessary)
• Clamps - I used several C-clamps, a couple spring clamps and a handful of springy clothespins. Quite a bit could be done using weights.
• hand drill to drill the holes for the tuners
  
• dremel or router if you want to do the binding -- I didn't apply binding to mine
  

Additional items:

• wood glue - I used Elmers Wood Glue.
• finishing materials: varnish, tung oil, etc... However you want to finish it. The instructions included with the kit give a few options for the finish
• clean, flat work surface
  
• patience
  

Mountain Dulcimer

I built this mountain dulcimer in September 2003. When I started I had no experience building stringed instruments or playing mountain dulcimers. Through the Summer of 2003 I had been looking for a good opportunity to try my hand at building a musical instrument. Originally my goal was to build an acoustic guitar. I read many websites, skimmed a book and looked at several kits. While looking for guitar kits I stumbled across the mountain dulcimer, which was an instrument I had never heard of before. After learning more about the instrument -- how to play it and what it sounds like -- I decided it would be a good introduction to musical instrument building.

This photo shows the wood parts included in the kit. The soundbox was already assembled, fretboard was attached and frets were installed. The separate pieces are the peghead which was already shaped and the holes were drilled for installing the tuners and the bridge and nut which were pre-slotted. The good news was that most of the work that was critical to completing a playable instrument was already done and done correctly. The bad news was I wouldn't get much experience with the parts I thought would be the most challenging and the soundholes were already cut which meant one less opportunity to personalize the instrument. Despite all the work that was done there was still plenty left to do.

Completing the kit involved these steps:

1. Rough sand the parts for final shaping -- the top and back of the soundbox had a small amount of overhang past the sides which neede to be removed. The peghead had some rough edges.
2. Glue the wood pieces together.
3. Sand the entire instrument to prepare it for finishing.
4. Finish with tung oil and paste wax.
5. Install tuners and strings.
6. Tune
7. Learn how to play

This is the finished instrument. I was happy with how the instrument turned out. While the learning experience wasn't as deep as I had originally hoped it was still a great way to learn about some of the work involved in building a complete instrument.

View all the photos here: Mountain Dulcimer Set